A Message from Nobel Peace Laureate Summit, Barcelona, Spain and the Barcelona Declaration

 A Message from Nobel Peace Laureate Summit, Barcelona, Spain and the Barcelona Declaration

 

The Measure of Our Humanity: Nobel Peace Laureates Promote Solutions to Refugee Crisis, Terrorism, Climate Change and Nuclear Annihilation

Dear friends,
Last month the Nobel Peace Laureates gathered for their fifteenth Summit and issued the Barcelona Declaration.   It contains a comprehensive agenda for a peaceful sustainable future. It focuses on remedying the causes of the current refugee crisis primarily by meeting goals already agreed upon by the world’s nations although not adequately understood by the general public. The policy proposals advanced by the Laureates are practical and worthy of wide support.
I had the privilege of participating as part of the organizing institution, the Permanent Secretariat of the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates and remain inspired by the experience. I hope this Huffington Post article conveys a sense of that feeling. People who exemplify courage and compassion in action can help provide needed inspiration in these chaotic times.

Very truly yours,

Jonathan Granoff
President Global Security Institute
The Measure of Our Humanity: Nobel Peace Laureates Promote Solutions to Refugee Crisis, Terrorism, Climate Change and Nuclear Annihilation
 
As the discussions amongst world leaders on preserving a viable climate for our small planet heat up in Paris, a city still absorbing the impact of blasphemous violence directed at innocent civilians, in a continent challenged by refugees forced from their homes, in a world where the strongest states threaten the entire planet with nuclear annihilation, and irrational acts of violence beset the quiet enjoyment of normal life, let us, for a moment, listen to some of the coolest heads of some of the world’s coolest people — the Nobel Peace Laureates.
Photo: (L-R) Betty Williams; Ingeborg Breines, Co-President, International Peace Bureau; Jonathan Granoff; Mairead Corrigan Maguire
Last month the 15th World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates crafted the Barcelona Declaration. They addressed the crisis of refugees and the violence of terrorism with a focus on positive policies focused on root causes. A measure of a civilization is how it treats the most vulnerable. From that perspective, it is necessary to look with compassion on the lives disrupted by the civil war in Syria, drug-driven corruption in Central America and Mexico, chaos arising from the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan, and the poverty driven multiple crises arising in Africa from dysfunctional governance, the failure of the rule of law, hyper-exploitation, and environmental degradation.
Only by understanding based on reason and compassion without fear will wise policies emerge. Desperate people who come to one’s country to seek refuge from oppression, violence, chaos, or poverty when welcomed wisely can bring enormous benefits. America is a nation of immigrants which has proven this point well. But when fear guides policies, walls and divisiveness result and harmony becomes unattainable. It is for this reason the wise counsel of the Nobel Prize winners is so important at this moment. For these are people who did not permit fear to govern their perception, their lives, or their actions.
Each year the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates organization
convenes individuals and organizations which have received the Peace Prize to address critical challenges to peace. It is humbling to serve the Secretariat of this endeavor and be amongst a group of people, many of whom have faced imminent death threats without permitting fear to deter them.
Photo, L-R: Shirin Ebadi, Jonathan Granoff, and Tawakkol Karman
Several, such as Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan Maguire who called the woman of Belfast to stand up and stop the violence in their streets, have consistently and without hesitation attributed their courage to an overpowering commitment to love. Their work opened a way for the political resolution of the conflict in Northern Ireland for which Lord David Trimble and John Hume received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. Seeing the two woman with Lord Trimble made clear that only when people of courage push for change is the social space created for political actors to create institutional change.
Others, like Shirin Abadi, the lawyer from Iran or Kamam Tawakkal the activist from Yemen are clearly guided by a profound passion for justice, human rights, democracy and gender equity.
All, who attended the most recent Summit in Barcelona this past month, demonstrate an astounding humility toward the sacrifices and risks they have taken for others. From the shipyards of Poland, President Lech Walesa stood up and inspired thousands of others to stand up against the Soviet empire. President Willem deKlerk risked his very life by working closely with Nelson Mandela to peacefully end apartheid in South Africa.
 President Oscar Arias forged a peace settlement in Central America against truly astonishing odds and at the risk of his very life. Jody Williams, an American activist who received the prize for her work to ban land mines, continues daily with seeming infinite energy and passion to work to end militarism and violence in all its ugly dimensions.
Peace is the currency of their lives and peace is both the solution and methodology of its achievement.
Also, participating were leaders of organizations which have done brilliant work for world peace and for which they have received the prize such as the American Friends Service Committee, the International Peace Bureau, the United Nations, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Pugwash Conferences, International Labor Organization, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, European Union, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and others. These organizations are populated with heroes for peace who do not receive public recognition, fame, or wealth but whose passion for peace guides their lives.
The Barcelona Declaration,  created by the Laureates, provides a model of security that addresses threats posed by terrorism, unsustainable environmental practices, and nuclear weapons. Formed by people who have succeeded in seemingly impossible challenges to peace whose wisdom has demonstrable practical application, we would be foolish not to listen. The Laureates emphasized strong support for the Sustainable Development Goals, which have already been agreed upon by all the world’s nations as a practical realistic route to human security.
Below note the Barcelona Declaration, which contains a substantive Appendix with in depth policy recommendations and analysis.
The Laureates’ closing admonition is exactly the needed reminder that despite shortsighted calls for policies based on fear and the exclusive remedy of the applications of force, which can only deal with symptoms, wisdom compels deeper analysis and values. Wisdom addresses causes and not just effects. As the Laureates said: True personal, national and global security is found in the practical application of compassion.
 
 
THE BARCELONA DECLARATION:
REFUGEES: MEETING THE CHALLENGE TO OUR HUMANITY
STATEMENT OF THE XV WORLD SUMMIT OF NOBEL
PEACE LAUREATES, BARCELONA
We, the Nobel Peace Laureates and Peace Organisations, in the presence of  youth from all over the world, gathered together in Barcelona from 12 – 15  November 2015, have considered issues affecting world peace – with special emphasis on the current refugee and migration crisis.
We are profoundly shocked and outraged by the barbaric killing of more than  150 innocent people in Paris on the evening of 13 November. We express our  deepest sympathy and solidarity with the families of the victims and with the  people of France.
This outrageous attack stresses the urgent need to address the root causes  of the current refugee crisis and insecurity in the world. This situation should  not be abused to demonize refugees and the Muslim community.
As Nobel Peace Laureates and Laureate organizations we join with millions of  individuals, organizations, communities and cities who every day make a  difference by working for a better and more peaceful world.
We collectively raise our voices in compassion for the millions of refugees  who have been forced to leave their homes. We affirm that the manner in  which we honor and protect their inherent dignity and human rights is a  measure of our own humanity.
We are particularly concerned about the plight of women and children whose  lives have been devastated by conflict, repression and deprivation. We must  and can eliminate the conditions that compel people to leave from their  homes.
The refugee and migration crisis does not exist in isolation. It is a symptom of  the broader problems that confront humanity that include
* continuing conflict in many countries;
* the consequences of militarism, extreme nationalism and the use of force  and proxy wars by global powers in pursuit of strategic, financial and  ideological interests;
* distorted religious beliefs that lead to horrific acts of violence;
* the failure of governance characterized by rampant corruption, persecution  and the absence of democracy, basic human rights and the rule of law;
* the gross inequalities in opportunities and in economic and social  wellbeing between and within the so-called developed and developing  countries;
* the failure to accommodate, tolerate and appreciate the value of religious,  cultural and ethnic diversity;
* the growing impact of climate change that will increasingly threaten food  security and disrupt the lives of hundreds of millions of people in the most  vulnerable societies; and
* the criminal exploitation of refugees by human smugglers.
We believe that many of these problems can be solved if the international  community fulfills its commitment to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development  Goals that nations have already adopted as the framework for a  comprehensive, practical and achievable path to a secure and peaceful  future.
We also call on the international community to
* address the root causes of the refugee and migration crisis while assuring  access to asylum;
* redouble efforts to bring peace to Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Yemen,  Ukraine, Palestine/Israel, Somalia, South Sudan, the Central African  Republic and other societies in conflict in a process that includes the  peoples involved – especially women – and concerned nations;
* denounce and reject the use of distorted religious doctrines and ideologies  to justify violence by placing perverted beliefs above compassion and  other universal values;
* ensure that refugee children have adequate access to education and  health care;
* promote good governance based on respect for fundamental human rights  and the rule of law;
* prevent ethnic conflict and repression by recognising the value of diversity  and by protecting the rights of minorities;
* achieve and implement international agreements to combat climate  change that bind all elements of society including government, business,  finance and the military – with special focus on the forthcoming conference  in Paris;
* identify and prosecute those responsible for human smuggling; and
* provide much greater support to countries bordering conflict areas which  are hosting refugees – and underfunded humanitarian organizations aiding  refugees.
True security will never be achieved by military force or by the possession  and threat of nuclear weapons. It requires adherence to international  humanitarian law and global cooperation in meeting the authentic needs of
humanity. We call on the nations of the world to
* redirect each year at least 10% of annual military expenditure of over 1.8  trillion dollars to implement the programs required for the 17 Sustainable  Development Goals;
* implement fully the Arms Trade Treaty and end illicit arms trading;
* put an immediate end to any new arms race – especially the modernization  of nuclear arsenals and the pursuit of fully autonomous weapons systems;
and
* fulfil the legal obligation to commence negotiations now to eliminate  nuclear weapons.
 
True personal, national and global security is found in the practical application of compassion.
We Nobel Peace Laureates and Laureate Organizations remain seized of and  address more fully these specific critical issues in the following Appendix:
1. T he Sustainable Development Goals:
The nations of the world have collectively agreed to a set of goals to be  obtained by 2030. These commitments when put into practice will be a model  of cooperative security. It is worthwhile to list the specific goals and their  underlying policy commitments, targets, and demand political leaders enact
programs to achieve them. The Sustainable Development Goals adopted by  the General Assembly of the United Nations on September, 25, 2015,  contains 17 Goals and 169 associated targets:
(https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/69/L.85&Lang=E)
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-1/>
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and
promote sustainable agriculture
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-2.html>
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-3.html>
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong  learning opportunities for all
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-4.html>
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-5.html>
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation  for all <https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-
2015-development-agenda/goal-6.html>
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for  all <https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-7.html>
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and  productive employment and decent work for all
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-8.html>
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable  industrialization and foster innovation
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-9.html>
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-10.html>
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and  sustainable
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-11.html>
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-12.html>
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-13.html>
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable development
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-14.html>
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,  sustainably manage forests, combat desertification , and halt and reverse  land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-15.html>
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,  provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and  inclusive institutions at all levels
<https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015-  development-agenda/goal-16.html>
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global  partnership for sustainable development
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015- development-agenda/goal-17.html
2. Nuclear Disarmament
Nine nations: United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, United States, India,  Israel, Pakistan and North Korea possess and currently threaten to use  nuclear weapons. There are around 16,000 of these horrific devices, with  over 95% possessed by Russia and the United States. There is a legal
obligation to negotiate their universal elimination contained in the Nuclear  Nonproliferation Treaty and clearly set forth in a unanimous decision of the  International Court of Justice.
Heightened tensions in volatile parts of the world, including Ukraine, the  Middle East and South Asia, have raised concerns that regional conflicts  could escalate out of control, leading to the use of nuclear weapons.
Moreover, we know that the medical and environmental consequences of  even a regional nuclear war would be unprecedented in scale and scope and
would render an effective humanitarian response impossible. If less than 1%  of the world’s 16,000 nuclear weapons were to be used in a conflict, a cooling  of the earth’s atmosphere and the ensuing Nuclear Famine would not only  lead to 2 billion deaths by starvation around the world, but also escalate
existing conflicts over limited resources and intensify the refugee crisis  beyond all manageable dimensions. The prohibition and elimination of nuclear  weapons is therefore first and foremost a humanitarian obligation.
International Humanitarian Law prohibits the use of any weapon in a manner  that does not discriminate between civilians and combatants or inflicts  unnecessary suffering. Furthermore, it is illegal to threaten populated areas  with weapons of mass destruction. Nuclear weapons violate these
prohibitions. Their horrific capacity for destruction renders the threat of their  use immoral and in breach of International Humanitarian Law. Policies  founded on this threat are an unstable, unacceptable manner of pursuing  security.
The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty requires the prohibition and verifiable  elimination of nuclear weapons. The nuclear-armed states have failed to  comply with these nuclear disarmament obligations. They must be called to  account by the international community and compelled to act responsibly.
In the past two years, a new momentum has built up in the movement to ban  and abolish nuclear weapons. Three international state conferences in Oslo,
Nayarit, and Vienna provided much of the expert evidence that has now been  summarized and submitted to the 2015 NPT Review Conference and to the
70th session of the UN General Assembly as the humanitarian basis for  nuclear disarmament.
A “Humanitarian Pledge”, launched at the conclusion of the Vienna  conference on the Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear Weapons in  December of 2014, has already been joined by 121 states. The Pledge  identifies a legal gap that has enabled the nuclear-armed states to evade
compliance with their disarmament obligations and calls for action to close  that gap in order to “stigmatize, prohibit, and eliminate nuclear weapons.”
We are inspired by the Five Point plan of United Nations Secretary Genearl Ban  Ki-moon which calls for a convention or framework of legal instruments
eliminating nuclear weapons as well as the powerful new insight of Pope  Francis and the Holy See which has identified the possession and threat of  use of nuclear weapons to be immoral. Its analysis is that deterrence theory  which serves to justify possession and threat of use of nuclear weapons is
premised on the intent, readiness and willingness to annihilate millions of  innocent people and that such a posture cannot be considered moral, therefor  both the threat to use as well as the possession of nuclear weapons is  immoral.
As Nobel Peace Laureates, we urge all States to join the Humanitarian  Pledge, to make the evidence about the consequences of nuclear weapons a
central focus of political and diplomatic process to ban and eliminate them,  and to build upon the momentum of this new humanitarian initiative in order to  ensure that there are no further delays on the road to a nuclear-weapons-free
world.
Pending the obtaining of the legal, verifiable, enforceable elimination of these  weapons and consistent with commitments already made under the Nuclear  Nonproliferation Treaty to diminish the Role of nuclear weapons in security
policies, we urge non-first use pledges and a Security Council resolution  prohibiting targeting populated areas. Furthermore, pending entry into force of  the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, we urge a Security Council resolution  deciding that no state may engage in nuclear weapons explosive testing.
We also commend strongly the hard work of the diplomats and the success  obtained by the Security Council Resolution 2231 on Iran that prevents further  proliferation of nuclear weapons in the Middle East Diplomatic efforts were
equally successful in ending Syria’s chemical weapons program and  demonstrate that when the political support and will is there, solutions to  pressing security threats can be achieved. We urge such commitment to the  commencement of negotiations on the prohibition and elimination of nuclear weapons. Such an endeavor must begin now and can take place  simultaneously at multiple forums.
We commend the creation of the Open Ended Working Group in the UN General Assembly with a mandate to “substantively address concrete effective legal measures, legal provisions
and norms that will be need to be concluded to attain and maintain a world  without nuclear weapons” and hope it will energize nuclear abolition efforts.  We condemn the billions of dollars that several nuclear weapons states are  committing to spending to modernize their arsenals as well as the arms race
such actions are stimulating.
3. Climate Change:
The recent 5th Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on  Climate Change (IPCC) sent three overarching messages to the world:
1)  Human influence on the climate system is clear, and growing, 2) we must act  quickly and decisively if we want to avoid increasingly destructive outcomes
and 3) we have the means to limit climate change and build a better future.
The report addressed explicitly the implications of climate change on human  security, including migration, displacement and violent conflicts. The key  findings of the IPCC in this regard are as follows:
Climate change over the 21st century is projected to increase
displacement of people. Displacement risks increase when populations that  lack the resources for planned migration experience higher exposure to  extreme weather events, in both rural and urban areas, particularly in  developing countries with low income. Expanding opportunities for mobility
can reduce vulnerability for such populations. Changes in migration patterns  can be responses to both extreme weather events and longer-term climate  variability and change. However, migration can also be an effective  adaptation strategy.
Climate change can indirectly increase risks of violent conflicts in the  form of civil war and inter-group violence by amplifying well documented  drivers of these conflicts such as poverty and economic  shocks. Multiple lines of evidence relate climate variability to these forms of  conflict.
The impacts of climate change on the critical infrastructure and
territorial integrity of many states are expected to influence national  security policies. Some transboundary impacts of climate change, such as  changes in sea ice, shared water resources, and pelagic fish stocks, have the
potential to increase rivalry among states, but robust national and  intergovernmental institutions can enhance cooperation and manage many of  these rivalries.
Building a low-carbon world to stabilize the climate will create new  opportunities for individuals, companies and countries to share.  Climate change will increasingly affect all citizens and economic sectors  around the world and will hit the poor and least favored hardest.  It is therefor imperative that the 21 st Conference of the Parties to the United  Nations Convention on Climate Change to be held in Paris, France on 30
November-11 December 2015, establish a comprehensive agreement to  support swift and decisive action by all member States to address adaptation  to and mitigation of climate change.
The Summit was attended by nine Nobel Peace laureates:
1 President Dr. Oscar Arias Sanchez
2 President Frederik Willem De Klerk
3 Dr. Shirin Ebadi
4 Mrs. Tawakkol Karman
5 Mrs. Mairead Corrigan Maguire
6 Lord David Trimble
7 President Lech Walesa
8 Mrs. Betty Williams
9 Prof. Jody Williams
and ten Nobel Peace Laureate organizations:
1 The American Friends Service Committee
2 European Commission
3 International Campaign to Ban Landmines
4 International Labour Organization
5 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
6 International Peace Bureau
7 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
8 Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
9 United Nations
10 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
However, they do not all necessarily support all aspects of the general
consensus that emerged from the Summit’s deliberations.
For more from our network of Parliamentarians for Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament, visit them online at www.pnnd.org.

 

The Iran Deal
“We should be grateful to the diplomats for ensuring no further proliferation of nuclear weapons in a volatile region,” wrote GSI President Jonathan Granoff after the US, EU, Iran, Russia, China, UK, France, and Germany inked the historic deal on July 14, 2015.
“The intensity of cooperation we saw in preventing Iran from developing a nuclear weapons capacity will be needed to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals, which will be adopted later this year at the United Nations. It is time that we worked to achieve our common good and not place our national perspectives in its way. In truth the goods of nations and the whole earth are aligned,” he wrote.
That op/ed was the second recent piece published by Mr. Granoff in the Huffington Poston the subject on Iran. An earlier op/ed, titled “The Iran Deal is a Terrible Blow… for War Profiteers,” identifies that the most vocal opponents of the deal– in the US and Iran– are the ones who would profit most from a failure to negotiate and an ensuing war.
Inspiration and Illumination at the United Nations
The Global Security Institute is profoundly honored to have co-hosted with the Holy See a remarkably inspirational event at the United Nations on April 9, 2015. Titled “Nuclear Weapons and the Moral Compass,” the event included a riveting panel of leaders in the Catholic, Evangelical, Jewish, Muslim, diplomatic, and interfaith communities, as well as two enchanting performances by world-renown cellist, Michael Fitzpatrick.
TIME published a detailed report of this event in its recent piece highlighting Pope Francis’ leadership on this issue.
We believe that amplifying a morally-based call for nuclear weapons abolition is both politically efficacious as well as the right thing to do. We are inspired by the outstanding leadership demonstrated by Pope Francis, who issued his unequivocal, urgent call for nuclear disarmament in December, as part of the Holy See’s ” Nuclear Disarmament: A Time for Abolition.”
Speakers included: H.E. Archbishop Bernardito Auza of the Holy See, Ms. Virginia Gamba of UNODA, Ambassador Libran Cabactulan of the Philippines, Jonathan Granoff, Bishop William Swing of the United Religions Initiative, Dr. William Vendley of Religions for Peace, Tyler Wigg Stevenson of the World Evangelical Alliance, Rabbi Peter Knobel of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, H.E. Bishop Oscar Cantu of the US Conference of Bishops, and Imam Abdul Malik Mujahid of the Parliament of the World’s Religions.
President Obama: A Chance to Lead
On the eve of the 2015 Review Conference of States Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Huffington Post  published the following article by Jonathan Granoff, calling for President Barack Obama to go beyond reiterated rhetorical support for a nuclear weapon-free world and seize the leadership reigns to make real progress toward our shared goals.
The University of Oxford Hosts “Peace and the UN at 70” 
On May 9, 2015, OxPeace hosted its seventh annual Conference at the University of Oxford, devoting this year’s gathering to the discussion of “Peace and the UN at 70.”
T he Oxford Network of Peace Studies (OxPeace) is a multi-disciplinary initiative to promote the academic study of peace, peacemaking, peacebuilding and peacekeeping at the University of Oxford, and comprises scholars and students from a variety of disciplines.

T he speakers at this year’s conference included Edward Mortimer, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan’s Director of Communications, and Hilde Johnson, former Special Representative for the UN Secretary-General for South Sudan and former Deputy Executive Director for UNICEF.
GSI President Jonathan Granoff joined the conference as a panelist discussing “Peace and the Proposed UN Sustainable Development Goals,” and spoke on what we must do to ensure development, sustainability and non-proliferation goals can be met.
“If the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals and the commitments made under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the entire United Nations system is to go forward – there needs to be a recognition of the universal, global, ethical norms based on the golden rule,” he said.
” The idea that we would have multiple tiers of societies with different sets of laws is simply unsustainable and the place where that fissure in equity is most prominent is in the issue of nuclear weapons.”
To hear Mr. Granoff’s remarks in their entirety, listen to the podcast
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